Electricity is becoming central to how countries meet energy needs while cutting dependence on fossil fuels. Vehicles, buildings and industries are shifting towards electric power, while digital services add demand. The climate value of this change will depend on where electricity comes from and whether power systems can deliver it reliably.
Since 2019, the rise in worldwide electricity use has been more than twice the growth recorded for energy consumption overall. Data centers increased their electricity use by about 17% in 2025. Buildings were responsible for nearly 45% of that year’s growth in demand. The IEA identifies vehicles, heating, cooling and industry as additional sources of demand.
Across Europe, the United States and other regions, projects representing hundreds of gigawatts cannot yet connect to power networks. More lines and storage will help balance changing wind and solar output.
University of Seville professor Antonio Gómez Expósito estimates that only about one-third of energy entering the conventional system ultimately performs useful work. Greater use of electric equipment can reduce losses. It may also strengthen energy independence: Spain, for instance, imports much of its oil and natural gas despite having considerable domestic renewable resources.
Electric vehicles can lower running and maintenance costs, although new vehicles and electricity infrastructure require investment.
Road transport and buildings offer practical opportunities. China’s 2025 car market had plug-in models at close to 50% of sales; Germany recorded 26%, the United States 11% and Japan 1.8%. For commercial operators, regular daily routes can make battery-powered trucks easier to introduce, while farm machinery offers another possibility.
In homes and offices, heat pumps provide warmth without burning gas or heating oil. Severe winter conditions can affect their performance, but geothermal systems may suit some new buildings.
Some energy needs are harder to meet with batteries or direct electric power. Steel, cement and chemical production require intense heat; processes above 1,400°C may need hydrogen produced using renewable electricity. The World Economic Forum estimates that established measures, including recycling, heat pumps and switching lower-temperature processes to electricity, could reduce about half of industrial emissions.
Long-distance aircraft and heavy ships may need biofuels or manufactured fuels made with renewable hydrogen. Batteries and renewable equipment also carry environmental costs. Some remaining reductions depend on technologies still being demonstrated.
Governments are setting targets for a larger role for electricity. At COP31 in Antalya, Türkiye, from November 9 to 20, the conference presidency is promoting 35 by 35, an initiative to raise electricity’s share of worldwide energy use to 35% by 2035. The European Commission aims for electricity to meet 50% to 60% of Europe’s energy needs by 2050. Progress will depend on cleaner power, stronger networks and technologies suited to different sectors.
As more for-profit entities like GeoSolar Technologies Inc. enter the market, the available electrification options for various industries will increase and make it easier for targets to be attained.
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